I have only made beer from kits for several years, but am going to start with all grain and then put it into 5 gals casks. My question is I bottled some beer in 7/2016, but lost it in a refrigerator. I found it and it is some of the best. That was in the bottles, but how does it age in a stainless steel cask?
You’ll continue to get secondary fermentation from any microbes that reside in the beer, but you won’t get any microbial character from the wood nor any wood/char flavor you might get depending upon the barrel. You also won’t have beer evaporating, so your volume should be quite similar to what went in. I would guess the aging would be very similar to your glass bottle aging, though depending upon how you fill it you might get more oxidation.
Another thing that will be a factor is temperature. Your bottles in the fridge will have matured more slowly than a container at cellaring or room temperature. In general, the warmer the beer is, the faster it will age.
I agreed with Koch, if you have a closed vessel, your aging time should be similar to what it is in a bottle. I age mead in kegs all the time. You just want to make sure to have as little head space as possible and/or purge the oxygen if you can. I usually fill the keg, purge the O2, and put it in the basement to let time do its thing.