What, if any, is the difference?..The yeast?
The yeast does have something to do with it. The weizenbock uses the bavarian weizen yeast and therefore has those banana and clove esters. The wheatwine would use a cleaner (less estery) yeast. Also, a weizenbock is lower in alcohol than a wheatwine. A better way of looking at a wheatwine is to think of it as a barleywine with much of the malted barley replaced with malted wheat.
Plus the wheatwines I’ve had have had great hop character, the weizenbocks tend to be malt/wheat forward.