I have two of this style burner (240,000 btu) burning natural gas on fire mixers (for candy making) and they only produce soot when the fuel orifice in the jets become clogged. I don’t know if there’s a difference between propane and natural gas with respect to soot formation but I would say if the burner is producing soot there is a problem with the fuel to air mixture. The stoves I’m using these on are open underneath so fresh air can be pulled in from below.
I would suspect, as others have said, that either you have the wrong pressure gas entering the burner, or a severe shortage of air to the jets.