Hop bursting is when you add all of your hops in the last 20 minutes or so, even for bitterness. It takes a much higher amount of hop matter to get bitterness, since you are boiling them for a much shorter time which decreases the utilization factor. However, the hop flavor and aroma are huge when you do it this way. Jamil wrote up a piece on it several years ago that is on the MrMalty.com website. I’d throw up a link, but that site is blocked at work!
I would assume that brew-water hops are hops in the HLT, but I can’t imagine what that would really do…Maybe someone else can describe the benefits of this? ???
About all that they’re good for IME is to say, “Hey, I even put hops in the water!”. I tried it twice and couldn’t tell any difference between the same beer made the conventional way. Same with mash hopping…no effect that I could detect.